In addition to cognitive behavioral therapy, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is another type of therapy for PTSD. Visit this fact sheet from the VA National Center for PTSD for more information on cautions regarding cognitive behavioral interventions within the first month of trauma. Provide research to support specific sleep interventionsĬBT has been shown to be successful in treating PTSD in a number of well controlled studies.5 However, there are a handful of service members for whom certain interventions may be inappropriate or for whom other treatment problems (e.g., co-occurring conditions) may also need to be addressed.Review clinical strategies and interventions to assist service members with sleep problems.Increase knowledge about the prevalence and kinds of sleep problems experienced by service members.Pharmacotherapy for insomnia and nightmares.Treatment for sleep disordered breathing.Imagery rehearsal therapy for nightmares.Training on in-depth assessment of sleep disorders and empirically supported treatments for common sleep disorders seen in service members.Intensive two-day workshop provides detailed education about sleep and sleep disturbances which includes:.Decrease avoidance and anxious responding related to the trauma-related memories, thoughts, and feelingsĬognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I).May also include graduated in vivo exposure.Provide a variety of coping skills that are useful in managing anxiety, including muscle relaxation, breathing retraining, and role playing, as well as cognitive techniques, such as guided self-talk.Help the individual identify and modify "stuck points".Help the individual modify beliefs about safety, trust, power/control, esteem, and intimacy.Writing and reading aloud a detailed account of the traumatic event.Particular attention is paid to "Stuck Points": feelings, beliefs, and thoughts that stem from the traumatic events or are hard to accept.Identifying and challenging problematic thoughts and beliefs (as noted above).Includes elements of Cognitive Therapy and Prolonged Exposure Therapy, including: Help the individual modify his/her appraisals of self and the world.Help the individual recognize and adjust trauma-related thoughts and beliefs.Develop alternative, more logical or helpful thoughts.Identify and challenge inaccurate or extreme automatic negative thoughts.Modify the relationships between thoughts and feelings.Increase emotional processing of the traumatic event, so that memories or situations no longer result in: In vivo exposure: Systematic confrontation of trauma-related situations that are feared and avoided, despite being safe.Imaginal exposure: Repeated and prolonged recounting of the traumatic experience.
The table below describes several types of CBT: Type of CBT With CBT, a therapist helps the service member dealing with PTSD understand and change how thoughts and beliefs about the trauma, and about the world, cause stress and maintain current symptoms. Although there are a number of treatment options for PTSD, and patient response to treatment varies, some treatments have been shown to have more benefit in general.Ĭognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is one type of counseling. The main treatments for people with PTSD are counseling (known as " talk" therapy or psychotherapy), medications, or both. As with all disorders successful prevention of PTSD may be more desirable than even the most effective treatment. To the extent that traumatic experiences themselves may be avoided, PTSD may also be prevented. In the immediate aftermath of traumatic exposures preventive interventions are available, including psychoeducation, brief counseling and prophylactic medication. Although some of these are promising, none have yet been proven to prevent PTSD. A number of early interventions have been utilized for the prevention of PTSD. The most promising of these are public health or population-based interventions informed by the evidence supporting cognitive behavioral therapy for PTSD. Psychological First Aid () is one example of a promising early intervention. Similarly, a growing number of well controlled studies have demonstrated the efficacy of early CBT and Exposure-based treatments as an early intervention. Interventions such as these may decrease the likelihood of persons developing PTSD after traumatic exposures however, additional research is needed to demonstrate this. Conversely, Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) administered in compulsory groups has been shown to be ineffective for the prevention of PTSD following trauma exposure and is not recommended in the current VA/DoD CPG.
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